Some of the major leaps in coherence times have been the result of new qubit designs such as transmon and fluxonium qubits. Advances have occurred in several areas – including materials, better shielding, and the introduction of 3D architectures. Since then, orders of magnitude improvements have been achieved, alongside falling error rates. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, quantum computing systems had limited coherence times, measured only in nanoseconds. Longer coherence times enable more quantum gates to be utilised before this occurs, resulting in more complex calculations. This can ruin the ability to exploit any quantum effects. When a qubit is disrupted by external stimuli – such as background noise from vibrations, temperature changes or stray electromagnetic fields – information about the state of that qubit "leaks out" in a process known as decoherence. That requires physical qubits to remain highly isolated from the surrounding environment. In order to generate complex mathematical calculations, a qubit needs to hold information for as long as possible. ![]() However, while qubit counts are a very important factor, another key metric is coherence time, which measures how long a qubit can hold information. When discussing the latest quantum computers, most people tend to focus on the number of quantum bits (or qubits) in a system. ![]() If this exponential progress continues, coherence times measured in seconds or even minutes could be achieved in the near future. Coherence times in quantum computing have increased by orders of magnitude since the early 2000s.
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